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Chapter VI. THE INSCRIPTIONS by A. Bruckner.
A. The inscriptions found in 1894. (p.447)
The
originals, as far as they come from the excavations, have been given to
the Museum in Constantinople, with the exception of No XIV, which stone
has remained in place. For enumeration I use Latin numerals, while I
designate the older, already published inscriptions with Arabic
numerals.
I. Fragment, broken all around, worked off at the
back to serve as an attachment to the back of a colossal statue's head,
h. 0.21, Br. o, 16, letter height 0.011. Found in the rubble in GH 9.
Reproduced on photo 59 (on p. 452).
From
a popular decree in honor of the Syrian king, presumably Seleukos II.
For the decided celebration see list of inscriptions N*' 16, lines 20
ff Seleukov Z. 7 does not have the space for a possibly preceding name.
Seleucus is therefore not a co-regent, but the reigning king himself.
To see Seleucus II (246-226 BC) in him determines for me, firstly, the
consideration that the priesthood ton panton theon,
according to the inscription just quoted, still existed in the time of
Antiochus Soter does not seem to have existed, and secondly, that the
power of Seleukos III (226 - 222 BC) will hardly have made itself felt
until after Ilion. Thirdly, the simple character of writing also
advises against placing this down to the end of the century.
II. Fragment, cut off smoothly just above the first line; H. 0.07, br 0.12, letter height 0.007 — 10 Um 200 BC.
Perhaps from the beginning of a prescript : (p.448)
III.
Fragment of a 0.43 wide stele broken at the top and bottom. Height of
letters 0.012 — 17. Found in A6 in the rubble. Shown on photo 59.
The
naming of Lysimacheia in connection with an Antiochus can be explained
on the assumption that the document is written between 196 and 190 BC,
when Antiochus the Great rebuilt the city and made it the capital of
his European conquests 192 BCAntiochus sacrificed at Ilion (Liv. XXXV
43). But the preservation of the stone leaves in doubt whether Z. 6,
the last surviving letter residue after tov, should be added to B or Y;
in the latter case, the possibility must be admitted that the eldest
son Antiochus III was named in the document, the same who died in 193
or 192 BC; cf, about him Wilcken in Pauly-Wissowa, Antiochos 26 and Niese, Gesch. i.e. Greek and Maced. States II, 679. Cf. to No. 51.
IV.
Fragment found in Chiblak in the house of a farmer Hassan by H.
Schmidt. Only the left edge is preserved; br. 0.40 h. 0.38, i.e. 0.06,
letter height 0.02. Shown on photo 59. With the support of A. Wilhelm,
I restore the connection:
[p.449] The
fragment stems from a letter through which a foreign power assures Hier
of its protection, for example from a letter from the Roman Senate
Commission, which regulated the situation in Asia after the Syrian war;
cf. on line 3 the letter of the Senate to Teos from the year 193, CIG
3045, Dittenberger Sylloge 2 279 line 21 ff.:xxxxxxxxxx, and the letter
of the Senate Commission of the year 188 to Heraklea am Latmos CIG
3800, Dittenberger Sylloge 2 xxxxxxxxx .
Photo 59: Inscriptions found in 1894: numbers I, III, and IV.
V.
Fragment, broken off all around, h. 0.17; Letter height 0.01. Found in
Well Ba. Clean writing, the horizontal hasta of the n only extends to
the right. Around 200 BC.
VI.
Fragment of a stele found in Well Ba; H. 0.21, Br. 0.22, thickness
of the stone 0.12. Character height 0.011. Edge on right.
The fragment stems from a federal decree; A. Wilhelm assumes that it belongs to the same document as CIG 3601.
VII.
Fragment of a stele inscribed on both sides, on one side, at ß left,
chiselled in an arch in antiquity for no apparent purpose. H. 0.33,
width 0.09, thickness of the stone 0.13. Letter height 0.01. Found in
Well Ba. a. Clean script of the third century BC; Line spacing equal to
letter height. ß. More compact script, from the later Hellenistic
period.
cf. Blass, On the pronunciation of Greek p. 58. — After V in lines 3 and ; in line 18 spaces are left.
VIII.
Fragment found in Well Ba; H. 0.07, br 0.13; letter height 0.008 — 10;
splintered at the back. Edge on left. About second century BC.
IX.
(p.451) Fragment found in well Ba. Edge on left.. H. 0.06, br. 0.09.
Letter height 0.01. Careful writing of the second century BC.
X.
On a 0.72 high, 0.21 wide, 0.06 thick marble slab embedded in the floor
of a Roman building is written on the narrow side in 4 cm high letters:
Originally
there seems to have been at least one line above it on the stone, on
the lower edge of the left side there is a completely worn-out profile.
XI.
Proxy decree honoring a citizen of Gargara. Four larger connected
fragments and three smaller individual fragments of the stele were
found in well Ba. The rejoined remainder is 0.77 height, full width
0.46, thickness 0.10. Letter height 0.12. The bottom of the stele with
its inlet spigot is undamaged. The writing is not very accurate, from
about the second century BC.
The beginning, which contained the reasons for honoring the Gargareer, is lost except for a few remnants.
Lines 1 — 4 :
Lines 5 — 20. Decree on the privileges granted to the Gargareer:
Line 14. supplemented by Wilhelm after Ath. mid IX, 573 = Goettingen gel. 1900 p. 93 N° 518, Inscription from Troas and Heberdey and Wilhelm, Reisen in Cilicia p. 116 = Michel, Recueil 535, Decret from Cyzikos;
these documents and the Ilische show remarkable similarities in the
formulas. For xxxx xxxxx Wilhelm refers to CIA IV i p. 158.
Lines 20 - 37. Resolution on the type of publication of the privileges:
Lines 37 - 44. Execution of the published resolution.
A Satyros is envoy here in 188 BC. (Polyb. XXIII 3.3.)
"Nikagora Demetriou, gyne de Demophilou, xaire."
Fig.257: Inscription No XII.
XIII. Gravestone
in Hissarlik owned by a farmer; Br. 0.28, h. 0.505, i.e. 0.14. The
stone is only worked on the written side. (H. Schmidt).
XIV.
Round base, h. 1.40, diameter 0.80; with well-worked profiles above and
below and several dowel holes on the upper surface. Found at the top of
Well Shaft Ba. The inscription on the shaft in very flat carved letters
(h.O j022 — 26).
The censor L. Julius Caesar L. f. is the same
who was consul in the first year of the Social War, became censor the
following year in 89 BC and was murdered in 87 when Marius entered
Rome. The Hiers expressed their gratitude towards him with a second
monument, the inscription of which reads: xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (see below No.
57)- From this second donation it becomes clear that even before the
great Caesar the Julian family felt connected to the Hiern and worked
for her.
The censor reinstated the Illian Athena in possession
of her holy land and exempted it from taxes, so temple and city were
taxed at the establishment of the province of Asia and by the tax law
of G. Gracchus. Likewise and at the same time, the state tenants
claimed temple property from the Ephesian Artemis until the geographer
Artemidoros brought about liberation in Rome (see Strabo XIV 642 and
Liebenam, Stadtverwaltung im röm. Kaiserreich,
p. 70); similarly the dictator Caesar restituted holy land at Pergamon
according to inscriptions from Pergamon 379; the reference to this and
other instances of äTCoxaxäffTafft's holy land, which is given in Ath.
mid XXIV p. 177 N^ 27 are listed, I owe Wilhelm. Regarding the Illianic
temple property, we only know from No. 46 that a Hellenistic king
donated herds and land, and from No.3 ^= CIG 3601 Z. 4 that the leasing
of properties benefited the federal festival.
XV.
Stele with gable, in the middle of which is a round shield, broken off
at the bottom; br. 0.56; Letter height in the top line 15, in the
following line it varies between 7 and 12 mm. Found in Temple Well B a.
Shown on photo 60.
Line 17 f. xxxxxx Wilhelm. Spaces
of one to two letters wide can be found analogously in line 2 before
Ixou;, line 4 before xxxx line 6 before xxxxx and correspondingly
before the city details in lines 7, 8, 10, 1 1, 12 and the sentences
are separated in lines 13, 15 and 18.
Photo 60: Inscription XIV
This document gives the
most detailed information that we have so far about the nature and
extent of the Ilian League of Towns. According to the letter forms - M
with parallel vertical, 1 with parallel horizontal hasta, the second
vertical hasta of the N always, that of the n usually as long as the
first - one will be inclined to place the inscription at the end of the
second or the beginning of the first century BC. to set. Etous
enatou. 2 and the naming of the quaestor L.Julius Caesar L. f. define
them more precisely. The ninth year could be counted from either 133 or
85 BC, depending on the Asiatic provincial era or the Sullan era;
compare Kubitschek in the Arch.-epigr. mid a. Austria XIII p. 88 and in Pauly-Wissowa Article Era.
In the first case it would be assumed that L. Julius Caesar, who then
must have been quaestor in 125 BC, would be the same who was consul in
90 BC and censor in 88 (cf. No XIV).
But such a large gap in the cursus honorum would
be highly improbable. In the second case, the consul of the year 64 BC
can be recognized in L. Julius Caesar L. f., who may very well have
administered the quaestorship in 77. So if we assume, as was first
suggested and justified to me by K. G. Brandis, that the document dates
from the year 77, the preceding Sullan contributions (Plut. Lucullus
20, Appian Mithr. 6^, Billeter history of the Zinsfusses p. 92) not
only explains the general money squeeze in the federal cities (line 14:
Tas Ton Poleion Thlipseis) but
also the striking interest that a Roman official takes in a financial
measure aimed at organizing the festival of Athena through his
participation in the federal negotiations For precisely the demands
that Roman knights had on the cities in Asia as a result of the Sullan
contributions may have prompted the quaestor to take part in
negotiations to reduce the obligations to the federal sanctuary,
although on the other hand with L. Julius Caesar after the to No. XIV
Noted the Julian family tradition will have contributed to the desire
to contribute to the future settlement and order of the Ilian festival.
(p.456)
Regarding line 2 \xxxxxxxxxx it can be gathered from No
15 that the month in question was named after Seleucus Nicator in 281
BC.
The debts at the Ilianic sanctuary (line 13 ff.) seem to be
of a special kind. Apart from the low interest, it is striking that a
repayment of the capital was not planned, but after ten years, in which
only 1 Vg Vo interest is to be paid, the interest rate of 6 2/3 %
xxxxxxxxxx (line 17) applies again. It is also noteworthy that
according to the wording xxxxxxxxxx — not xxxxxxxxx — all cities have
the same debt obligation; At least one does not think about the fact
that the amounts owed could be different; the debt seems to have been
contracted by everyone in the same way, especially since the interest
for the past years is also waived in the same way.
From the
heading xxxxxxxxxx line I, in connection with the text, it now follows
that the capital owed by the cities brought in the interest from which
they defrayed the costs of the common festival. Had more of the
inscription survived, surely we should come to a clearer view of these
circumstances. So I just want to share a thought that Th. Mommsen
expressed when I was allowed to show him the inscription: when the
federation was founded, the obligation of the federal cities for the
sanctuary was standardized in such a way that each owed a capital to
the Illianic Athena fingirte, whose interest counted as her
contribution to the festival. These contributions are referred to by an
inscription, which I suspect is a decade older, as xxxxxxxxxxxxx (List
No 6, line 15). According to this, it would have been decided in 77 BC
to reduce the federal contributions to 1/4, i.e. the festival in the
next ten years to celebrate more modestly, but to refrain from
collecting arrears due to earlier festival celebrations, considering
that the individual cities would first have to pay off their other
debts.
The inscription on the expansion of the Ilian League of
Towns gives a very pleasing explanation. So far it has only been
possible to deduce that Lampsakos and Gargara belonged to it (Haubold, De rebus Iliensium
p. 63 f.) The conclusion is confirmed; we learn that Ilios, Dardanos,
Skepsis, Assos, Alexandria, Abydos, and Lampsacus were members of the
Confederation in 77 BC. One misses Gargara, whose citizen Malusios had
given the Synhedres of the Bund the money to build the theater in Ilion
in 306 (cf. List No. 2) and Parion ( Holleaux,p.457) Revue des etudes grecques 1896 p. 3159 and Dittenbeiger , Sylloge
503) This added-calculated, would be full the ninety-seven of those
who, according to an inscription (List No. 77), participated in the
federation during the imperial period. The conclusion that in the year
77 BC the federation was limited to seven towns suggests, but is not
mandatory. Because the meeting of the Agfonotheten was apparently only
caused by the journey of the Roman quaestor (xxxxxxxxxxx) (av line 5)
and was therefore an extraordinary one, so that some cities could have
been missing. Assuming this, the contract would be only by the majority
of the federal members, but unanimously (line 14 xxxxxxxxxxx) completed
by them.
XVI.
Four fragments of an inscription, the block of which has splintered off
at the back, found in the temple well B a. Letter height 0.015. A and B
half right margin, h. 0.23, Br. 0.145; shown in fig.258. C has left
margin, h. 0.05, br 0.035. D is h. 0.05, br 0.036.
Line 1 xxxxx
Line 2 xxxxxx
Line 3. xxxxxxxxxxx
Line 4 xxxxxxxxx
Line 5 xxxxxxxxx
Line 6 xxxxxxxxxxx
Line 7 xxxxxxxxx
cf. inscriptions v Pergamon N'' 246 at the end: xxxxxxxxxxx
Line 8 xxxxxxxxx
Line 9 ccccccc
C.xxxxxxxx
D xxxxxx
(p.458)
The written forms, plus the message from Strabo, according to which C.
Julius Caesar raised Ilion to a civitas libera et immunis (XIK 595:
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx), lead to the assumption that the fragments stem from
Caesar's decree.
Fig.258: Inscription No XVI.
XVII. Fragment found in Fountain Ba in front of Temple of Athena. left edge.
Perhaps still belonging to No. XVI.
XVIII.
Found on the burial ground near Chiblak, now in a farmer's house there.
brown block 0.47 h. 0.235, deep 0.31, machined only on the left side,
broken off on the right, unmachined at the top and bottom; below
incorporation for an xxx shaped bracket. The inscription is in a
recessed area, br. 0.34 h. 0.135. (H Schmidt). The inscription has not
been carved carefully; it may date from the first imperial period.
XIX.
Fragments of a large account found in the temple well Ba. Thickness
0.13, letter height in the heading 0.022 - 24, in the text 0.016 - 18.
Fragment A, shown in fig.259, h. 0.47, b. 0.265 adjusts to B, h.0.39,
br. 0.265. Right margin, left already finished in antiquity. C, broken
all around, h. 0.155, br 0.13.
Line 6.
Since in the carved words the name 'Iou- lacks a prenoun, it will be
the remainder of a woman's name. Whether dating after the Athena
priestess? It would be the only demonstrable case in Ilion.
Line 8.
At the beginning it must have been expressed: It have donated: N. N. in
the time of his agonothatic office. Otherwise (Lines. 21.27.30)
agonothios tou deinos is followed by the donor in the nominative.
xxxxxxxx , from a silver xxxxxxxx, cf. Line 10 ; it seems here
synonymous with pure silver, as opposed to the worked xxxxxxx (l. 14
fif.).
Line 10. Here, too, the Agonothet seems to be the founder.
Fig.259: Inscription No XIX.
Line 13.
xxxxxxx, the specification of the purpose of the foundation as in C 5.
Sundriphra is otherwise not verifiable to me; it is based on diphros =
sella curulis. Whether sundriphra = bisellia, here, as usual, as the
chair of the Augustales?
Line 14. f. For supplement see Z. 23, 26, 29, 33.
Line 17. On Appoloniou cf. Z. 34 Ti. Klaudios Apollonios
Line 18. See line 32.
Line 21. The same Agonothet Line. 27; he belongs to the family that founded the Klaudio Hall in Ilion (List No. 61).
Line 24. The same donor C 2.
There
are some considerable amounts of precious metals that are listed in the
list, as can be seen Line 9, at least 38 1/2 pounds of silver, Line 18
at least 10 pounds of silver, Line 22 probably 2 pounds of gold and
thus almost equivalent to Line 32, 80 gold denarii. The determination
is given for two foundations: Line 13 xxxxxxxx C 5 xxxxxxxxx — . This
and the remains of the prescript suggest that the endowments were
intended to furnish a sanctuary built for the Flavian emperors in Ilion.
Fig.260: Inscription No XX.
On the
narrow side (br. 0.79) the inscription; Character height 0.025-030.
Shown in fig. 260. See List No. 10 — 12.
XXI. Fragment found in rubble at E 9, h. 0.115, br. o, 15th letter height 0.024.
XXII. Fragment, broken all around, found in I 8, h. 0.075, br 0.13, letter height about 0.035
XXIII. Fragment, edge on top, h. 0.055, br 0.13. Character height about 0.046.
XXIV. The epigram treated by Kaibel in the Epigrammata Graeca
334 on the basis of CIG 3627 has been rediscovered in Yerkessi-Köi by
Neochori by H. Schmidt. About the stone he states: "Length 0.91, height
0.26, depth 0.31. Fracture on the right, an incorporation of 10 1/2 cm
long, 6 cm high and 6 cm deep on the front lower right. Two large
square dowel holes on the underside".
The script is that of
the first centuries AD, still without ligatures. Schmidt's imitations
and the copy made in front of the stone make it possible to give a
reliable text of this inscription, which is particularly interesting in
terms of orthography, but which of course still needs interpretation
and amendment. B is to the right of A.
Line 3. keinton = kointon quintum, cf. Blass, Pronunciation of the Greek p. 56 f and xxxxx Pergam. inscription 374 A 5. xxxxxx — on the stone xxxxx — and xxxxx Wilamowitz.
Line 7.
xxxxx Wilhelm, the first letter seems to be heavily rubbed off
and still on the stone. There would not be enough space for xxxxxxx
(Kaibel). The verses are supposed to reveal that the barber suffered a
fracture from a blow from behind, as a result of which he lost his
young life after a fortnight.
Line 10. metron Wilamowitz, the transverse hasta from T is preserved.
Footnotes:
[149]
Some
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