Athena Review Image Archive ™
	Endothiodon augusticeps skull Skull of Endothiodon augusticeps (AMNH; photo: Athena Review).
	Endothiodon augusticeps was a Late Permian dicynodont therapsid from South Africa, dated at about 255 mya. It belonged to the  Class Synapsida, the Order Therapsida, the Suborder Anomodontia, the Infraorder Dicynodontiam and the Family Endothiodontidae.     Endothiodon was first  described by Owen (1879) for the Karoo region, with a skull and mandible, including 11 teeth. A partial skeleton was later recovered by Broom (1915) at Beaufort West in South Africa, from the Hoedemaker member of Middle Teekloof Formation, dating from the Late Permian Tatarian Age. Endothiodon augusticeps is one of the species found in South Africa. The example shown here is at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH cat 3619). In the last century, Endothiodon has been discovered to be distributed throughout the southern hemisphere in the ancient Gondowana continent. It has also been found in Tanzania (Haughton 1932), Zambia (Mazin and King 1991), Mozambique (King 1992), India (Kutty 1972), and Brazil (Boos et al. 2013).  The  Endothiodon find in Brazil is noteworthy as the first dicynodont to be reported for the Permian of South America. A partial skull and associated lower jaw were discovered in the 1970s in a railway cut at Serra do Cadeado, in the Rio do Rasto Formation of Parana State in Brazil (Barbarena and Araujo 1985).  References: Barberena, M.C., D.C. Araujo, and E.L. Lavina 1985. The evidence for close paleofaunistic affinity between South America and Africa as indicated by Late Permian and Early Triassic tetrapods. In Ulbick, H.Y. and A. Rocha-Campos (eds.), Gondwana Proceedings 7th Intern. Gondwana Symposium, San Pablo, pp. 454-467. Boos, A. D. S,, Schultz, C. L., Vega, C. S., Aumond, J. S. J.  2013.  On the presence of the Late Permian dicynodont Endothiodon in Brazil. In Angielczyk, Kenneth. Broom, Robert. 1915 Fossil Reptiles of South Africa. Bull.Amer Mus.Nat.Hist.28 Haughton, S. H.  1932 . On the collection of Karoo vertebrate fossils from Tanganyika Territory.  Quart. Jour.of the Geol.Soc. of London 84, pp. 634-668. King, G.M. 1992. The paleobiogeography of Permian anomodonts.  Terra Nova 4, pp.633-640. Kutty, T.S. 1972. Permian reptile fauna from India. Nature 237, pp.462-463. Mazin, J. M. and King, G. M. 1991. The first dicynodont from the Late Permian of Malagasy. Palaeontology 34, pp.837–842. .
	Athena Review Image Archive™              Main index of Athena Review Copyright  ©  1996-2020    Rust Family Foundation  (All Rights Reserved).

.