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Gaston Maspero was a French archaeologist who worked for several decades at the Egyptian National Museum in Cairo. He was the author of Manual of Egyptian Archaeology and Guide to the Study of Antiquities in Egypt, translated into English by Amelia Edwards.

In 1881, together with Emil Brugsch, Maspero recovered dozens of royal mummies from the 18th-20th Dynasties, moved from the Valley of the Kings to a cache at Deir el-Bahri (CV 320).